Wednesday, October 26, 2016

Fluency and Word Study Video (Part 2)

1-     There are three levels of words. The first group is words that come up very frequently and do not need to be taught. The second is words that are read pretty often but they need to be taught. The third group is words that are more technical and they relate to a specific topic.
2-     Children should be taught to “chunk” when reading. They should take off parts of a word and read a part first, and then add on another. This helps them decode words slowly and carefully.
3-     A teacher should encourage lots of reading in the classroom. Practice will help them learn best.

Fluency and Word Study Video (Part 1)

1-     A teacher should make sure to have texts on all different levels available for the students.
This way, every child can find something that is appropriate for him. Struggling readers will not be left behind since each child will choose a text for himself. 
2-      A teacher should have a library in the classroom where every student can choose any book they want. A teacher should also incorporate reading throughout the day.
3-     The teacher should read aloud with proper fluency. By modeling fluency, students will definitely gain. Even when reading instructions to a task, posters, a teacher should ensure to model fluent reading.

Fluency and Word Study



·        The teacher should make sure to have texts that are applicable and geared toward all levels of the students in the classroom. This way, every student will have access to materials that are appropriate for them, and will be able to practice reading and improve fluency.
·        She teaches vocabulary based on what they are reading in class. As they go through the text, she focuses on specific words, and turns that into a vocabulary lesson.
·         On average, she focuses on word study for 15-20 minutes, but students that need more time get more one on one with the teacher.
·        She uses hands on activities and small group approach. Additionally, besides for knowing how to read the words, the teacher teaches comprehension. She uses different assessments to assess their different levels and see how much more practice they need.

·        In order to accommodate the different needs of every student and multiple intelligences, the teacher makes use of songs, activities, flashcards, physical activities, chants, rhymes, etc.

Wednesday, October 19, 2016

Week 6: Asignment #3

Candidate’s Name: Sarah Kovalenko
Grade Level: 3
Title of the lesson: Phonics - Homophones
Length of the lesson: 60 minutes
Central focus of the lesson (The central focus should align with the CCSS/content standards and support students to develop an essential literacy strategy and requisite skills for comprehending or composing texts in meaningful contexts)
Key questions:
●     what do you want your students to learn?
I would like the students to learn about phonics, specifically homophones.
●     what are the important understandings and core concepts you want students to develop within the learning segment?
In this learning segment, I would like the students to learn what a homophone is, to be able to recognize and give examples of homophones, and to spell homophones correctly according to the meaning that is being used.

Knowledge of students to inform teaching (prior knowledge/prerequisite skills and personal/cultural/community assets)
Key questions:
●     What do students know, what can they do, what are they learning to do?
Students know how to read and write age appropriate words and sentences. Now they are learning about words that sound the same but are spelled differently. They are learning how to recognize these words, and to note the spelling and meaning of them.
●     What do you know about your students’ everyday experiences, cultural backgrounds and practices, and interests?
Students in the class come from diverse cultural backgrounds, and a small percentage are ELLs. These students need extra help in learning the English language. However, the students are mainly from families that support education greatly.
Common Core State Standards (List the number and text of the standard. If only a portion of a standard is being addressed, then only list the relevant part[s].
3.SL.1.

Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 3 topics and texts, building on others' ideas and expressing their own clearly.

3.SL.1.b.

Follow agreed-upon rules for discussions (e.g., gaining the floor in respectful ways, listening to others with care, speaking one at a time about the topics and texts under discussion).
3.SL.1.c.

Ask questions to check understanding of information presented, stay on topic, and link their comments to the remarks of others.

Support literacy development through language (academic language)
●     Identify one language function (i.e. analyze, argue, categorize, compare/contrast, describe, explain, interpret, predict, question, retell, summarize or another one appropriate for your learning segment)
Students will recognize, identify, categorize, compare, and contrast words that are homophones.
●     Identify a key learning task from your plans that provide students opportunities to practice using the language function.
Students will listen to a song and recognize and anayze the homophones. They will state the word, spelling and meaning.
●     Describe language demands (written or oral) students need to understand and/or use.
Write words they hear, read,
●     General academic terms: analyze, argue, categorize, compare/contrast, describe, explain, interpret, predict, question, retell, summarize or another one appropriate for your learning segment.
Analyze words, answer questions.

Learning objectives
Sample:
1.     Students will learn the definition of a homophone.
2.     Students will recognize and give examples of common homophones.
3.     Students will listen to a song about homophones to extend their understanding.
4.     Students will learn how to decode and recognize new words.
Formal and informal assessment (including type[s] of assessment and what is being assessed)
●     Explain how the design or adaptation of your assessment allows students with specific needs to demonstrate their learning.
For informal assessment, I will observe the students during the lesson to see whether they are grasping the concepts. I will frequently ask questions to make sure the students are following along. As a formal assessment, I will collect the comic strips that the students created using homophones and grade to determine their understanding.
Instructional procedure: Instructional strategies and learning tasks (including what you and the students will be doing) that support diverse student needs. Your design should be based on the following:
●     understanding of students’ prior academic learning and personal/cultural/community assets
●     research and/or theory
●     developmental
●     appropriateness
Modeling New Knowledge:
Introduce the word “homophone” to the students. Explain that they are words that sound the same yet they have different meanings and spellings. Ask the students to brainstorm some homophones and write them on the board so all can see the examples.
Provide Guided Practice:
Play a song for the students – Between the Lions’ Homophones Song. Ask the students to say the homophones in the song. Then give out a paper with the lyrics of the song so they can sing it together.
After the students have identified the homophones in the song, discuss the words; the meanings and spellings.
Provide Independent Practice (In this case, Collaborative Work):
Divide the students into groups and explain that they will be acting out homophones to the class. Each group will pick an index card that has a homophone written on it. They should create a short skit acting it out. The rest of the class will have to identify the homophone and give the correct meaning and spelling.
To add in technology, have each group use Comic Creator online to create a comic strip from their skit. Display the comics on a poster in the classroom once they are complete.
Instructional resources and materials used to engage students in learning.
Between The Lions’ Homophone Song
Comic Creator
Reflection
●     Did your instruction support learning for the whole class and the students who need great support or challenge?
Several methods of learning are addressed in this lesson, such as acting, singing, working in groups, writing. This gives each student an opportunity to use the skill he excels in to learn most effectively.
●     What changes would you make to support better student learning of the central focus?
I would implement more reading activities, where the students read a short story on their own and identify homophones or fill in blanks with homophones.

●   Why do you think these changes would improve student learning? Support your explanation from evidence of research and/or theory.
This would help them realize that there are always homophones in texts, and it will make it more applicable for the students. When students see that what they are learning is applicable, they gain a better understanding and interest.
Dr. Hui-Yin Hsu Spring 2014



Week 6 Assignment #1

Candidate’s Name: Sarah Kovalenko
Grade Level: 1
Title of the lesson: Phonics - The reading of /o/ in words, sentences, a paragraph, and story.
Length of the lesson: 40 minutes

Central focus of the lesson.
Key questions:
    what do you want your students to learn?
I would like the students to learn the sound of a ‘o’ when it is followed by a consonant and a silent ‘e’.
    what are the important understandings and core concepts you want students to develop within the learning segment?
In this learning segment, I would like the students to learn letter recognition.

Knowledge of students to inform teaching (prior knowledge/prerequisite skills and personal/cultural/community assets)
Key questions:
    What do students know, what can they do, what are they learning to do?
Students know the letters of the alphabet and the sounds they make. Now they will learn what sounds letters make when combined with specific letters. In this lesson specifically, they will learn to decode words containing the letter o when it is followed by a consonant and silent e.
    What do you know about your students’ everyday experiences, cultural backgrounds and practices, and interests?
Students in the class come from diverse cultural backgrounds, and a small percentage are ELLs.
Common Core State Standards (List the number and text of the standard. If only a portion of a standard is being addressed, then only list the relevant part[s].
Know and apply grade level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words.
a)     Know the spelling sound correspondences foe common consonant diagraphs.

Support literacy development through language (academic language)
    Identify one language function (i.e. analyze, argue, categorize, compare/contrast, describe, explain, interpret, predict, question, retell, summarize or another one appropriate for your learning segment)
Categorize words based on their beginning sounds.
    Identify a key learning task from your plans that provide students opportunities to practice using the language function.
They are given groups of words and they have to recognize which words begin with the same sound.
    Describe language demands (written or oral) students need to understand and/or use.
Letter recognition and the sounds they make.
    General academic terms: analyze, argue, categorize, compare/contrast, describe, explain, interpret, predict, question, retell, summarize or another one appropriate for your learning segment
Describe what happens in a story, retell.
Categorize words based on sounds.
Learning objectives
Sample:
1.     Student will discriminate the letters in the o consonant e pattern.
2.     Student will read words that have the o consonant e pattern.
3.    Student will read grade appropriate sentences.
4.    Student will learn how to decode and recognize new words.
Formal and informal assessment (including type[s] of assessment and what is being assessed)
    Explain how the design or adaptation of your assessment allows students with specific needs to demonstrate their learning.
I will assess each child’s level in reading and I will give each child sentences and stories according to his ability. To assess each child, I will have him complete a page from a phonics book before I begin the lesson. I will note whether he completed it accurately. Also, during the lesson I will make sure to ask questions to see that the students are following along and understanding.
Instructional procedure: Instructional strategies and learning tasks (including what you and the students will be doing) that support diverse student needs. Your design should be based on the following:
    understanding of students’ prior academic learning and personal/cultural/community assets
    research and/or theory
    developmental
    appropriateness
As an anticipatory set, I will read a short story (The Berenstein Bears Ride The Thunderbolt by Stan and Jan Berenstein) with the students and I will ask them to retell the story. We will then discuss the theme.  I will tell the students that we will now learn how to decode new words.
Next, I will display a visual stimulus- a poster of a train. I will label the front, middle, and end of the train. I will then randomly read words that start with different vowel sounds. As we read words, I will point to the three parts of the train to help the students recognize the different sounds in the word. I will then say pairs of words and ask if the two words begin the same way. (For example, apple and open)
I will give a list of words and ask the students where they hear the o sound. I will have some students read the words, some will listen to words playing on a recording, and some students will have visuals or images to help them with the reading. This way, every child’s strong intelligence will be addressed. (Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences) This will help accommodate the needs of struggling readers and ELLs.
Then, I will go through different words that begin with different vowel sounds, and I will ask the students to think of a word to remember each of the sounds. (For example, o, open)
Instructional resources and materials. The Berenstein Bears Ride The Thunderbolt by Stan and Jan Berenstein.
  Visual posters.
Reflection
    Did your instruction support learning for the whole class and the students who need great support or challenge?
I will work individually with each student’s needs individually when providing practice. Each will have a method that works for him.
    What changes would you make to support better student learning of the central focus?
I would add some group work activities.
    Why do you think these changes would improve student learning? Support your explanation from evidence of research and/or theory.
Students learn greatly when they learn collaboratively. Each child adds in his own way, so they learn a lot from each other.
Dr. Hui-Yin Hsu Spring 2014


Thursday, October 13, 2016

Running record

Lesson plan on running record

Student has a difficult time with vocabulary and understanding the meaning of words in the text. She needs a lesson that focuses on building vocabulary.
Introduction:
The teacher should write the words “Whale” and “Fish” on the board. She should initiate a class discussion where the students discuss these words. For example, how do they look? Where do they live? Have they ever seen any of these?
Group Work:
Students will work in groups for this activity. They will go through the story and find words that are used a lot, such as mother, fins. They will discuss the meaning and the context.
Independent Work:
Students will read the short story by themselves. When they finish, they will write/draw/act out the text or an idea in the text. This will demonstrate their understanding of what they have read.

Thursday, October 6, 2016

Week 4: Strengths and Weaknesses Based on the Running Record

This student displays a remarkable ability to read clearly and fluently. It’s obvious that she very good phonetic skills and is able to visualize the sounds of the letters before reading the word. This ensures that she makes much fewer mistakes in pronunciation. The listener can identify exactly how she uses various techniques so as to decipher difficult words. For example, when she attempts to read the word “fins” she first sounds out the letters. Another way to see how she aims to get the right word pronunciation is the way she repeats words. This is not a sign of weak reading at all! It means that she understands how words are supposed to sound in the context and she repeats them to make sure they fit. In all, one can see that this student uses sophisticated techniques to hone her phonetic reading.
Another strength that is evident is the fact that understands the meaning of the words. While this is indeed a strength, it leads to error. Because she understands what the words mean, she knows what sort of words might come next. This may be a result of a lot of reading. Since she has read other works, she knows which words are commonly used in conjunction. For example, after reading the word phrase “it has to find it’s” she says “way” when the real word is “own”. However, it makes a lot of sense that the word may be “way” but it happens not to be in this case. So this phenomenon is hinting at a major strength and weakness. The strength is that she understands how words go together in the context. This student must be very good at using context clues. However, the weakness is that she is pretty hasty in her reading. She jumps quickly and says the word she THINKS will come next as opposed to the right one. In fact, most of her errors are because of inserted words that did not come into the text.
Another strength is her ability to self-correct. She has a self-correction rate of 1:4. This means that for every four errors she corrects one. This is very good! What this is showing is that when she makes a mistake in the reading, she catches it quickly. This would occur when the student has a clear understanding of the background and the meaning of the text. Then, she is able to correct it when she realizes that something is off.
Lastly, is the fact that she tends to lose her place while reading. This may be a slight focusing problem or merely because she has an agile mind and is quick to jump from thought to thought. However, this leads to needing teacher prompts to get her back to her place.
In conclusion, this student displays a remarkable ability in phonetic language, reading comprehension, and self-correction. However, she often gets ahead of herself and either loses her place or tends to insert extra words.

Week 4: Running Record

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